Arequipa Arequipa ranks second and presents a distinct profile: ● extremely high REINFO territorial pressure ● significant formal mining coexistence ● lower fragility than Puno, but stronger production overlap risk This implies not only governance stress, but also direct exposure of formal mining systems. Apurímac and Cusco These regions combine: ● territorial mining exposure ● governance fragility ● conflict potential ● strategic corridor relevance They represent emerging or transitional high-risk clusters. Madre de Dios Madre de Dios reflects: ● historical illegal gold extraction embeddedness ● persistent territorial extractive specialization ● environmental and institutional stress Although its profile differs from southern corridor regions, it remains structurally high-risk. La Libertad La Libertad combines: ● important REINFO concentration ● gold production relevance ● coexistence pressures between formal and informal mining 6.3 Moderate Risk Tier The following regions score in an intermediate range: ● Ayacucho ● Cajamarca ● Ancash ● Junín ● Lima ● Ica ● Huancavelica ● Piura These territories do not yet present the same structural concentration as the top tier, but display relevant combinations of mining exposure, institutional gaps, or territorial stress. 37
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