Innovation And Mining Knowledge Governance: Toward A Regulation For Science And The Green Transition *María Rebeca Justiniani Romero1 1 Legal Advisor to CIEMAM. Lecturer at the Catholic University of San Pablo (Arequipa, Peru), (*Presenting author: mr.justiniani.romero369@gmail.com) Abstract The strengthening of mining research centers constitutes a strategic axis to improve sustainability, productivity, and innovation in the sector (OECD, 2011; International Energy Agency [IEA], 2021). In the context of the energy transition and the growing demand for critical minerals, scientific and technological research is crucial for optimizing processes, mitigating environmental liabilities, and promoting the circular economy (Australian Government – Department of Industry, Science and Resources, 2023). However, the regulation of these centers raises questions about their autonomy, financing, and the rules governing knowledge transfer between the public, private, and academic sectors (OECD, 2003). While countries such as Chile, Canada, and Australia have consolidated regulatory frameworks that ensure transparent and cooperative innovation ecosystems, Peru lacks a comprehensive regulation that effectively connects universities, industry, and the State (OECD, 2019). This research analyzes the legal and institutional framework of mining research centers in Peru, contrasting it with international models. In this regard, the primary objective of this research is to examine the legal framework and regulatory challenges associated with the establishment and operation of mining research centers in Peru, to propose normative guidelines that ensure autonomy, transparency, and sustainability (United Nations, 2015). For that, is important to follow the next steps: (i) examine national and international legislation applicable to mining research institutes, identifying legal gaps and opportunities for harmonization; (ii) evaluate public and private financing mechanisms and their impact on scientific independence and institutional sustainability; and (iii) design a regulatory model that strengthens cooperation and knowledge governance applicable to mining research centers. The approach is qualitative and descriptive comparative. It includes normative and doctrinal analysis of mining innovation legislation, study of international cases (CICITEM–Chile, CMIC–Canada, CSIRO–Australia). The findings are synthesized into legal guidelines and public policy proposals. Legal gaps and institutional fragmentation hinder intersectoral cooperation. Mining research centers require a special legal status with scientific autonomy, transparent mixed financing, and clear rules on intellectual property and technology transfer. International comparison highlights the effectiveness of collaborative models with public oversight and ethical standards. Keywords Mining research centers; Academic autonomy; Knowledge governance; Innovation; Technology transfer; Mining policy; Critical minerals; Green transition; SDGs 44
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