Early implementatio ● Are participation processes representative, transparent and documented ● Have elite capture risks been effectively mitigated? ● Are grievances resolved promptly and fairly? Midline ● Are institutions resolving disputes and delivering benefits equitably? ● Are inclusion risks being mitigated? Endline/Close ● Has inclusive governance delivered trust, legitimacy, and equitable outcomes? B) Economics and Behaviours Key assumption: Economic, social, and cultural incentives will motivate lasting behaviour change away from unsustainable practices. Underlying assumptions: ● Incentives are credible, accessible, and perceived as more beneficial than curren practices, considering different segments of the population (e.g., gender, age, socio-econom status). ● Communities perceive benefits as outweighing risks and costs, including short-ter transition costs and uncertainties. ● Cultural, social, and political norms do not block adoption of new practices or can b adapted through inclusive processes. The table below outlines the key questions to ask and the information to collect at each stage of the project to test these assumptions: Phase Key Questions Pre-feasibility and feasibility ● What are the current financial and non-financial benefits of unsustainable practices (income, risk hedging, status, convenience)? ● What is the level/percentage of reliance on natural resources for basic subsidence needs? ● Are illicit or illegal markets and networks influencing community behaviours and creating competing incentives? ● Are there examples of success from conservation interventions in the project area or country? Design and planning ● Are proposed incentives credible and more attractive than current practices for distinct segments of the population (women/men, youth/elders, land-poor/landed)? ● Are incentives timely and reliable enough to influence decisions in agricultural/forest/fishing calendars? ● Has the time needed for behavioural changes been assessed, and how does it compare to ecological benefit timelines? 79
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