357 Figure 1 - documents workflow and screening logic. 3.5 Structured full-text synthesis (n = 18) A targeted set of 18 full texts was assembled to ground synthesis in complete papers rather than abstracts alone. Each paper was coded using a structured extraction protocol capturing (a) waste stream family, (b) recovery mechanism family, (c) outputs and metrics, and (d) deployment conditions and organizational/performance hooks (Table 1). The synthesis applied a traceability logic that links waste-stream inputs / mechanism choice / reported outputsmetrics / operational and economic indicators (when reported) / adoption and scale-up conditions. Table 1 – Structured extraction protocol capturing Block Field What to capture (coding rule) Output for Results/Discussion Bibliograp hic profile Paper_ID Short ID (e.g., P01–P18) Traceability across tables DOI DOI (normalized) De-duplication + linking Year Publication year Trend positioning Outlet Journal / proceedings / book Evidence type context Document type Review / experimental / pilot / modeling / mixed / policy Strength of evidence
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